概述

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静态路由的路由备份,就是通过给链路设置优先级来实现的;优先级最大的作为主链路,其余的作为备用链路,当主链路出现故障或断开时,备用链路会自动添加到路由表中使用。

实验拓扑图

拓扑图

配置思路

采用如下的思路配置静态路由实现主备备份：

  • 创建VLAN并配置各接口所属VLAN，配置各VLANIF接口的IP地址。
  • 配置数据流来回两个方向的静态路由。
  • 在各主机上配置IP地址和默认网关。

操作步骤

配置各接口所属VLAN

配置SwitchA,SwitchB,SwitchC和SwitchD的配置与SwitchA类似。

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<HUAWEI> system-view
[HUAWEI] sysname SwitchA
[SwitchA] vlan batch 10 100 400
[SwitchA] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/1
[SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port link-type access
[SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port default vlan 10
[SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] quit
[SwitchA] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/2
[SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port link-type trunk
[SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port trunk allow-pass vlan 100
[SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] quit
[SwitchA] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/3
[SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] port link-type trunk
[SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] port trunk allow-pass vlan 400
[SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] quit

1、配置各VLANIF接口的IP地址

配置SwitchA。SwitchB、SwitchC和SwitchD的配置与SwitchA类似。

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[SwitchA] interface vlanif 10
[SwitchA-Vlanif10] ip address 10.1.1.1 24
[SwitchA-Vlanif10] quit
[SwitchA] interface vlanif 100
[SwitchA-Vlanif100] ip address 192.168.12.1 24
[SwitchA-Vlanif100] quit
[SwitchA] interface vlanif 400
[SwitchA-Vlanif400] ip address 192.168.14.1 24
[SwitchA-Vlanif400] quit

2、配置PC1–PC2的去程的静态路由

配置SwitchA

配置两条优先级不同的静态路由，下一跳分别指向SwitchB和SwitchD，实现数据流优先发往SwitchB，当去往SwitchB的链路发生故障的时候流量自动切换至SwitchD。

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[SwitchA] ip route-static 10.1.2.0 24 192.168.12.2
[SwitchA] ip route-static 10.1.2.0 24 192.168.14.2 preference 70

配置SwitchB

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[SwitchB] ip route-static 10.1.2.0 24 192.168.23.2

配置SwitchD

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[SwitchD] ip route-static 10.1.2.0 24 192.168.34.1

3、配置PC1–PC2的回程的静态路由，需要注意数据流来回的路径主备是一致的。

配置SwitchC，配置两条优先级不同的静态路由，下一跳分别指向SwitchB和SwitchD，实现数据流优先发往SwitchB，当去往SwitchB的链路发生故障的时候流量自动切换至SwitchD。

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[SwitchC] ip route-static 10.1.1.0 24 192.168.23.1
[SwitchC] ip route-static 10.1.1.0 24 192.168.34.2 preference 70

配置SwitchB

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[SwitchB] ip route-static 10.1.1.0 24 192.168.12.1

配置SwitchD

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[SwitchD] ip route-static 10.1.1.0 24 192.168.14.1

4、配置主机

配置主机PC1的IP地址为10.1.1.2/24，默认网关为10.1.1.1；配置主机PC2的IP地址为10.1.2.2/24，默认网关为10.1.2.1。

验证配置结果

查看SwitchA的IP路由表

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[SwitchA] display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib, T - to vpn-instance
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 9        Routes : 9        

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

       10.1.1.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.1.1.1        Vlanif10
       10.1.1.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       Vlanif10
       10.1.2.0/24  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.12.2    Vlanif100
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
   192.168.12.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.12.1    Vlanif100
   192.168.12.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       Vlanif100
   192.168.14.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.14.1    Vlanif400
   192.168.14.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       Vlanif400

查看SwitchA的IP路由表详细信息

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[SwitchA] display ip routing-table 10.1.2.0 24 verbose
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib, T - to vpn-instance
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Table : Public
Summary Count : 2

Destination: 10.1.2.0/24
     Protocol: Static          Process ID: 0
   Preference: 60                    Cost: 0
      NextHop: 192.168.12.2     Neighbour: 0.0.0.0
        State: Active Adv Relied      Age: 00h13m13s
          Tag: 0                 Priority: medium
        Label: NULL               QoSInfo: 0x0
   IndirectID: 0x80000001       
 RelayNextHop: 0.0.0.0          Interface: Vlanif100
     TunnelID: 0x0                  Flags: RD

Destination: 10.1.2.0/24
     Protocol: Static          Process ID: 0
   Preference: 70                    Cost: 0
      NextHop: 192.168.14.2     Neighbour: 0.0.0.0
        State: Inactive Adv Relied    Age: 00h00m45s
          Tag: 0                 Priority: medium
        Label: NULL               QoSInfo: 0x0
   IndirectID: 0x80000002       
 RelayNextHop: 0.0.0.0          Interface: Vlanif400
     TunnelID: 0x0                  Flags: R
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从SwitchA的IP路由表中可以看出，到达10.1.2.0/24这个网段仅有一条活跃的路由，链路正常情况下从PC1发往PC2的数据流会优先算则走经过SwitchB的这条路径。从SwitchA的IP路由表详细信可以看出，到达10.1.2.0/24这个网段除了有一条状态为Active的路由，还有一条状态为Inactive的路由，当主用链路故障的时候状态为Inactive的路由就会重新生效，这样流量就能切换到经过SwitchD的这条路径上。这样就能通过静态路由实现路由的主备备份。

配置文件

SwitchA的配置文件

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#
sysname SwitchA
#
vlan batch 10 100 400
#
interface Vlanif10
 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface Vlanif100
 ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface Vlanif400
 ip address 192.168.14.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 port link-type access
 port default vlan 10
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
 port link-type trunk
 port trunk allow-pass vlan 100
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3
 port link-type trunk
 port trunk allow-pass vlan 400
#
ip route-static 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.12.2
ip route-static 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.14.2 preference 70
#
return

SwitchB的配置文件

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#
sysname SwitchB
#
vlan batch 100 200
#
interface Vlanif100
 ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface Vlanif200
 ip address 192.168.23.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 port link-type trunk
 port trunk allow-pass vlan 100
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
 port link-type trunk
 port trunk allow-pass vlan 200
#
ip route-static 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.12.1
ip route-static 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.23.2
#
return

SwitchC的配置文件

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#
sysname SwitchC
#
vlan batch 20 200 300
#
interface Vlanif20
 ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface Vlanif200
 ip address 192.168.23.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface Vlanif300
 ip address 192.168.34.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 port link-type access
 port default vlan 20
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
 port link-type trunk
 port trunk allow-pass vlan 200
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3
 port link-type trunk
 port trunk allow-pass vlan 300
#
ip route-static 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.23.1
ip route-static 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.34.2 preference 70
#
return

SwitchD的配置文件

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#
sysname SwitchD
#
vlan batch 300 400
#
interface Vlanif300
 ip address 192.168.34.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface Vlanif400
 ip address 192.168.14.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 port link-type trunk
 port trunk allow-pass vlan 400
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
 port link-type trunk
 port trunk allow-pass vlan 300
#
ip route-static 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.14.1
ip route-static 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.34.1
#
return!